Library
Library research is done to explore what is already done and what guidelines and theories exist that could help you further your design. Since the advent of the internet library research is also called desk research.
Available product analysis
Why? Find out if what you are planning to do has already been done (in full or in part) by someone else.
Best good and bad practices
Why? Incorporating what has proven to work somewhere else forms the basis of any high-quality project.
Community research
Why? Have others already tackled the problem? Incorporating your peers’ knowledge can seriously speed things up.
Competitive analysis
Why? Find a niche or unique selling point competitors are not filling.
Design pattern research
Why? Applying well-known design patterns improves the quality (and structure) of the designed software.
Expert interview
Why? A domain expert can put you on the right track when you enter a new domain or field of expertise. The expert can recommend sources, give you a sense of direction or point out common pitfalls.
Literature study
Why? Find general information, guidance and best practices.
SWOT analysis
Why? A SWOT analysis supports decision makers in identifying relevant factors for achieving certain goals.